Lithium batteries are becoming increasingly popular for a variety of applications, from powering RVs and boats to solar systems and electric vehicles. Compared to traditional lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries offer numerous advantages, including longer lifespan, lighter weight, and faster charging. If you're considering upgrading to lithium, there are several key factors to keep in mind. Here are the top 5 factors to consider when you are thinking of upgrading to lithium batteries:
- What is the battery chemistry?
- What is the capacity and voltage compatibility?
- What are the charge and discharge requirements?
- What are the cost and value of the batteries you need?
- What is the overall weight and size?
1. Battery Chemistry
When upgrading to lithium, it's important to understand that not all lithium batteries are created equal. The most common type for consumer applications is Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP). This chemistry is known for its safety, long cycle life, and stable performance. It’s distinct from the lithium-ion batteries found in phones and laptops, which primarily use lithium cobalt-based chemistries, which are optimized for high energy density but may be less stable for larger applications. For example, lithium cobalt-based batteries are prone to thermal runaway and fire, whereas non-lithium cobalt-based batteries such as LiFePo4 are not. This is due to the fact that LiFePo4 batteries utilize a chemistry that features strong covalent bonding.
Why it Matters: LiFePO4 batteries offer a safer, more reliable option for applications such as solar energy storage, RVs, or backup power, while also providing greater longevity compared to traditional lead-acid batteries. LiFePo4 batteries are the safest, most advanced and environmentally benign lithium battery chemistry available today.
2. Capacity and Voltage Compatibility
Lithium batteries often have vastly different capacities and voltage characteristics than lead-acid batteries. When upgrading, it’s crucial to ensure that the lithium battery’s capacity (measured in amp-hours) and voltage are compatible with your existing system. For example, many systems designed for 12V lead-acid batteries can seamlessly transition to 12V lithium batteries, but you need to check your system's requirements to avoid any issues.
Why it Matters: A mismatch in capacity or voltage can lead to underperformance or even damage to your equipment. Choosing a lithium battery that matches or exceeds your current power requirements ensures a smooth upgrade. Make sure to contact a lithium battery expert before proceeding with the upgrade.
3. Charging & Discharging Requirements
Lithium batteries have different charging profiles compared to lead-acid batteries. As a result, many traditional chargers are designed for lead-acid batteries and may not work optimally with lithium. Upgrading to lithium may require a new charger or a Battery Management System (BMS) that ensures the lithium battery is charged correctly and safely, protecting it from overcharging or discharging too deeply. All RELiON batteries have a built-in BMS to manage and protect them against these under-voltage, over current, high temperature or external short-circuiting. It's proprietary BMS will shut off the battery to protect the cells from unsafe operating conditions.
Another important factor to keep in mind when it comes to charging requirements is that lead-acid batteries often cannot be discharged more than 50 percent of their rated capacity without causing damage to the battery. So if you purchase a 10 kWh rated or nameplate lead-acid battery, many times you will not be able to use more than 5 kWh of the battery. Unlike lead-acid batteries, most lithium batteries can be discharged much more deeply, often up to 100% of the battery’s rated capacity.
Why it Matters: Using the wrong charger can reduce the lifespan of your lithium battery or cause damage. Make sure your charging system is compatible with lithium batteries to take full advantage of their performance and longevity. Also, due to the fact that lithium batteries can be discharged much more deeply than lead-acid batteries, you don’t have to purchase as many lithium batteries, which saves you space as well as offers you more usable energy in relation to the battery’s weight and physical footprint.
4. Cost vs. Value
Lithium batteries are more expensive upfront compared to lead-acid batteries. However, they offer better long-term value due to their extended lifespan (often 5 to 10 times longer than lead-acid) and superior efficiency. While the initial cost might be higher, lithium batteries can save you money over time by reducing the need for frequent replacements and maintenance.
Why it Matters: Understanding the long-term benefits of lithium helps justify the higher upfront cost. If you're looking for a battery that requires less maintenance and lasts longer, lithium batteries provide greater value over time.
5. Weight and Size
Lithium batteries are significantly lighter and more compact than lead-acid batteries, which is particularly advantageous for applications where weight is a concern, such as in RVs, boats, or portable power systems. Their compact size and lighter weight also make them easier to handle and install, allowing for greater flexibility in how and where you use them.
Why it Matters: The reduced weight and size of lithium batteries can free up space and make transportation and installation easier, enhancing both convenience and performance, especially in mobile or off-grid setups.
Upgrading to lithium batteries offers numerous benefits, but it’s important to consider factors like battery chemistry, compatibility with your existing system, charging and discharging requirements, cost, and weight. By understanding these key aspects, you can make an informed decision that maximizes the advantages of lithium technology, providing longer-lasting, more efficient, and reliable power for your specific needs. If you have any questions about upgrading to lithium, get in touch with a technical expert at RELiON.